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Wadi Howar
Wadi Howar (Wadi Howa) is a wadi in Sudan and Chad. It travels approximately 400 kilometres in a northeasterly direction from the Ouaddaï highlands in Chad across the North Darfur state of Sudan, before losing itself in the Libyan Desert. Towards its western end it forms a part of the international boundary between Sudan and Chad, separating the West Darfur state of Sudan and the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region of Chad.
The wadi is the remnant of the ancient Yellow Nile, a tributary of the Nile,during the Neolithic Subpluvial,it was one of the largest rivers,lasting until 1500 BC,when the Sahara Desert returned to it present point 〔Keding, B (2000). "New data on the Holocene occupation of the Wadi Howar region (Eastern Sahara/Sudan)." ''Studies in African Archaeology'' 7, 89–104.〕 It met the Nile near the southern point of the Great Bend.
the present extremely arid western part of Upper Nubia (northern Sudan)was temporarily linked to the Nile by way of a hitherto unknown 400 kilometer long tributary. From about 9500 to 4500 years ago, lower Wadi Howar flowed through an environment characterized by numerous ground water outlets and freshwater lakes. Savanna fauna and cattle-herders occupied this region, which today receives at most 25 millimeters of rainfall per year. At that period the southern edge of the eastern Sahara was 500 kilometers further north than today and ground water resources were recharged for the last time.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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